Joel I Osorio is the CEO and Founder of Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine at RegenerAge International. He was also the Vice President of International Clinical Development of Bioquark, Inc. He was also the Chief Clinical Officer at ReAnima Advanced Biosciences. He worked as an Visiting scholar at University of North Carolina. He was a Fellow in Stem Cell Medicine by the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine and University of South Florida.

As it has been previously demonstrated that co- electroporation of Xenopus laevis frog oocytes with normal cells and cancerous cell lines induces the expression of pluripotency markers and in experimental murine model studies that mRNA extract (Bioquantine® purified from intra and extra-oocyte liquid phases of electroporated oocytes) showed potential as a treatment for a wide range of conditions as squint, Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and cerebral palsy among others. The current study observed beneficial changes with Bioquantine® administration in a patient with a severe SCI. Pluripotent stem cells have therapeutic and regenerative potential in clinical situations CNS disorders even cancer. One method of reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells is to expose them to extracts prepared from Xenopus laevis oocytes. We showed previously that co-electroporation of Xenopus laevis frog oocytes with normal cells and cancerous cells lines, induces expression of markers of pluripotency. We also observed therapeutic effects of treatment with a purified extract (Bioquantine) of intra- and extra-oocyte liquid phases derived from electroporated X. laevis oocytes, on experimentally induced pathologies including murine models of melanoma, traumatic brain injury and experimental skin wrinkling induced by squalene- monohydroperoxide. The positive human findings for spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy with the results from previ- ous animal studies with experimental models of traumatic brain injury, respectively. Because of ethical reasons, legal restrictions and a limited numbers of patients, we were able to treat only a very small number of patients. These results indicate that Bioquantine® may be safe and well tolerated for use in humans and deserves further study in a range of degenerative disorders. We propose that the mechanism of action of Bioquantine® in these various diseases derives from its unique pharmacology and combinatorial reprogramming properties. In conclusion, these preliminary findings suggest that Bioquantine is safe and well tolerated on patients with cerebral palsy and- spinal cord injury, among others. In addition to the regenerative therapy and due to the patient condition, we decided to include the Restore-Sensor Sure Scan. Based on the of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury, we designed an improved delivery method for the in situ application of MSCs and Bioquantine® in combination with the Restore Sensor® Sure scan. To the present day the patient who suffered a total section of spinal cord at T12-L1 shows an improvement in sensitivity, strength in striated muscle and smooth muscle connection, 11 months after the first therapy of cell regeneration and 3 month after the placement of Restore Sensor® at the level of the lesion, the patient with a complete medullary section shows an evident improvement on his therapy of physical rehabilitation on crawling from front to back by himself and standing on his feet for the first time and showing a progressively important functionality on the gluteal and legs sensitivity.

Niranjan Bhattacharya has completed his MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology. He has pursued his Master’s degree in General Surgery and a DSc in Developmental Immunology. His principal specializations are cell and tissue therapy. He has many publications in international and national journals on cord blood and regenerative medicine. He is the co-editor of five books on the subject published by Springer. He is currently working as a Chair, Professor and Head of the Department, Regenerative Medicine and Translational Science and Director General, first Public Cord Blood Bank in India, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata.

The term blood substitute is actually a misnomer because only a part of the total functions of the blood is replaced by any available so-called substitute i.e. oxygen delivery and volume expansion only. Therefore, a more accurate term should be red cell substitute. Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and WBC counts and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypo antigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood during emergencies due to any etiology of blood loss and anemia. Our experience of 192 units of cord blood transfusion in patients with beta thalassemia with severe anemia (hemoglobin

concentration varying from 3.5 to 6 g/dl with mean hemoglobin 4.67 g/dl) proved to be extremely effective in 84 patients as an emergency substitute of adult RBC transfusion (male: female ratio 1:1, age varying from 6 months to 38 years). In the present series, the collection of the blood varied from 57 ml-136 ml mean 84 ml±7.2 ml SD, median 87 ml, mean packed cell volume 45±3.1 SD, mean hemoglobin concentration 16.4 g/dl±1.6 g/dl SD. After collection the blood was immediately preserved in the refrigerator and transfused within 72 hours of collection from the consenting mother undergoing lower uterine cesarean section. We did not encounter a single case of immunological or non-immunological reaction till date. We suggest that the medical fraternity use this precious gift of nature, which is free from infection, hypo antigenic with an altered metabolic profile, filled with growth factor and cytokine filled plasma with potential higher oxygen carrying capacity than for adult blood, as an emergency source of blood for the management of transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia.