Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine

The term blood substitute is actually a misnomer because only a part of the total functions of the blood is replaced by any available so-called substitute i.e. oxygen delivery and volume expansion only. Therefore, a more accurate term should be red cell substitute. Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and WBC counts and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypo antigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood during emergencies due to any etiology of blood loss and anemia. Our experience of 192 units of cord blood transfusion in patients with beta thalassemia with severe anemia (hemoglobin concentration varying from 3.5 to 6 g/dl with mean hemoglobin 4.67 g/dl) proved to be extremely effective in 84 patients as an emergency substitute of adult RBC transfusion (male: female ratio 1:1, age varying from 6 months to 38 years). In the present series, the collection of the blood varied from 57 ml-136 ml mean 84 ml±7.2 ml SD, median 87 ml, mean packed cell volume 45±3.1 SD, mean hemoglobin concentration 16.4 g/dl±1.6 g/dl SD. After collection the blood was immediately preserved in the refrigerator and transfused within 72 hours of collection from the consenting mother undergoing lower uterine cesarean section. We did not encounter a single case of immunological or non immunological reaction till date. We suggest that the medical fraternity use this precious gift of nature, which is free from infection, hypo antigenic with an altered metabolic profile, filled with growth factor and cytokine filled plasma with potential higher oxygen carrying capacity than for adult blood, as an emergency source of blood for the management of transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia.